| Mr. Breuckman mentioned Georgian architecture, and he showed an |
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| Adams-style and England and Georgian in America building, and said |
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| that not many of those existed today. It inspired Federalist architecture, |
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| which was America’s first adaptation in home grown style. Five over four |
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| and a door was the standard Federalist building pattern. That is, there |
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| were five windows on top and four and a door on the bottom. It was |
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| simple, but there was a classical influence to it. In the 18th century, they |
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| moved to Revival styles, but there were still classical elements to those |
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| buildings, such as posts holding up porch coverings, and the eaves work |
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| was reminiscent of the pediments on classical temples. Tudors were |
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| romantic style, which hearkened back to the old English times. That led |
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| into the very late Arts and Crafts style, which started to get more horizontal |
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| as building materials opened up new possibilities. There was also Prairie |
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| style, which was very horizontal in its lines and started to use modern |
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| materials, but it still conformed with a lot of the traditional patterns. The |
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| International style started in the 1920’s. He felt that was fine, but it |
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| celebrated the possibility of the newer building materials. There were |
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| horizontal windows instead of vertical ones. There were non-traditional |
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| materials, including concrete. There were unsupported masses using |
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| steel. That was true to the materials. Then came mid-century Modern. |
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| He showed some Lafayette, Detroit buildings and typical modern houses, |
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| which did not have much privacy. He showed some contemporary and |
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| LEED architecture, which infused wood and softer elements along with the |
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| colder metal and steel. Those houses did not have a lot of brick, and |
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| there was a post and beam style of construction, and it blended Modern |
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| and Classical, right down to a statue with no arms. |
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| Mr. Breuckman noted a Louis Sullivan project in Chicago. He showed |
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| the first building that Frank Lloyd Wright worked on. It was where modern |
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| materials, steel and elevators came into play to support the possibility of |
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| building taller buildings, but there were still a lot of classical elements, |
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| down to the implied pilasters or columns with arches all supporting the |
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| weight of the building. There was very large stone supporting smaller |
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| stone supporting more refined limestone going up. It was still styled to |
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| conform with traditional styles, even though modern materials were very |
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| much used. He showed a train station which was probably the last really |
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| expressive Classical style before things moved on to Modernism, which |
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| began in the 1950’s and took over most of the commercial architecture, |
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| particularly for bigger buildings. |
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